Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Aṅguttaranikāyo

Catukkanipātapāḷi

1. Paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ

1. Bhaṇḍagāmavaggo

1. Anubuddhasuttaṃ

1. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vajjīsu viharati bhaṇḍagāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –

‘‘Catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Ariyassa, bhikkhave, sīlassa ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Ariyassa, bhikkhave, samādhissa ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Ariyāya, bhikkhave, paññāya ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca . Ariyāya, bhikkhave, vimuttiyā ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Tayidaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyaṃ sīlaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ, ariyo samādhi anubuddho paṭividdho, ariyā paññā anubuddhā paṭividdhā, ariyā vimutti anubuddhā paṭividdhā, ucchinnā bhavataṇhā, khīṇā bhavanetti, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti.

Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

‘‘Sīlaṃ samādhi paññā ca, vimutti ca anuttarā;

Anubuddhā ime dhammā, gotamena yasassinā.

‘‘Iti buddho abhiññāya, dhammamakkhāsi bhikkhunaṃ;

Dukkhassantakaro satthā, cakkhumā parinibbuto’’ti. paṭhamaṃ;

2. Papatitasuttaṃ

2. ‘‘Catūhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi asamannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā papatito’ti vuccati. Katamehi catūhi? Ariyena, bhikkhave, sīlena asamannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā papatito’ti vuccati. Ariyena, bhikkhave, samādhinā asamannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā papatito’ti vuccati. Ariyāya, bhikkhave, paññāya asamannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā papatito’ti vuccati. Ariyāya, bhikkhave, vimuttiyā asamannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā papatito’ti vuccati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi asamannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā papatito’ti vuccati.

‘‘Catūhi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā apapatito’ti [appapatitoti (ka.)] vuccati. Katamehi catūhi? Ariyena, bhikkhave, sīlena samannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā apapatito’ti vuccati. Ariyena, bhikkhave, samādhinā samannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā apapatito’ti vuccati. Ariyāya, bhikkhave, paññāya samannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā apapatito’ti vuccati. Ariyāya, bhikkhave, vimuttiyā samannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā apapatito’ti vuccati. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato ‘imasmā dhammavinayā apapatito’ti vuccatī’’ti.

‘‘Cutā patanti patitā, giddhā ca punarāgatā;

Kataṃ kiccaṃ rataṃ rammaṃ, sukhenānvāgataṃ sukha’’nti. dutiyaṃ;

3. Paṭhamakhatasuttaṃ



南无彼世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者
增支部
四集
1. 第一个五十集
1. 般荼村品
1. 随觉经
1. 如是我闻。一时，世尊住在跋耆国的般荼村。在那里，世尊对比丘们说道："诸比丘。"那些比丘回答说："尊者。"世尊如是说：
"诸比丘，由于不随觉、不通达四法，我和你们长久以来在轮回中流转。是哪四法呢？诸比丘，由于不随觉、不通达圣戒，我和你们长久以来在轮回中流转。诸比丘，由于不随觉、不通达圣定，我和你们长久以来在轮回中流转。诸比丘，由于不随觉、不通达圣慧，我和你们长久以来在轮回中流转。诸比丘，由于不随觉、不通达圣解脱，我和你们长久以来在轮回中流转。诸比丘，现在这圣戒已被随觉、通达，圣定已被随觉、通达，圣慧已被随觉、通达，圣解脱已被随觉、通达，有爱已被断除，有结已被灭尽，现在不再有再生。"
世尊如是说。说完之后，善逝、导师又进一步说道：
"戒定慧及无上解脱，
这些法已被有名声的乔达摩随觉。
佛陀如是证知后，向比丘们宣说法，
苦的终结者、具眼者、导师已般涅槃。"
第一则
2. 坠落经
2. "诸比丘，不具足四法者，被称为'从此法律中坠落'。是哪四法呢？诸比丘，不具足圣戒者，被称为'从此法律中坠落'。诸比丘，不具足圣定者，被称为'从此法律中坠落'。诸比丘，不具足圣慧者，被称为'从此法律中坠落'。诸比丘，不具足圣解脱者，被称为'从此法律中坠落'。诸比丘，不具足这四法者，被称为'从此法律中坠落'。
诸比丘，具足四法者，被称为'不从此法律中坠落'。是哪四法呢？诸比丘，具足圣戒者，被称为'不从此法律中坠落'。诸比丘，具足圣定者，被称为'不从此法律中坠落'。诸比丘，具足圣慧者，被称为'不从此法律中坠落'。诸比丘，具足圣解脱者，被称为'不从此法律中坠落'。诸比丘，具足这四法者，被称为'不从此法律中坠落'。"
"已死坠落已堕落，贪着者再次返回；
已作所作乐所乐，安乐随逐安乐来。"
第二则
3. 第一掘经

3. ‘‘Catūhi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto [avyatto (sī. pī.)] asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Katamehi catūhi? Ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā appasādanīye ṭhāne pasādaṃ upadaṃseti, ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā pasādanīye ṭhāne appasādaṃ upadaṃseti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati.

‘‘Catūhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito viyatto [vyatto (sī. pī.), byatto (syā. kaṃ.)] sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavati. Katamehi catūhi? Anuvicca pariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati , anuvicca pariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, anuvicca pariyogāhetvā appasādanīye ṭhāne appasādaṃ upadaṃseti, anuvicca pariyogāhetvā pasādanīye ṭhāne pasādaṃ upadaṃseti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti.

[su. ni. 663; saṃ. ni. 1.180] ‘‘Yo nindiyaṃ pasaṃsati,

Taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo;

Vicināti mukhena so kaliṃ,

Kalinā tena sukhaṃ na vindati.

[su. ni. 663; saṃ. ni. 1.180] ‘‘Appamatto ayaṃ kali,

Yo akkhesu dhanaparājayo;

Sabbassāpi sahāpi attanā,

Ayameva mahantataro kali;

Yo sugatesu manaṃ padosaye.

‘‘Sataṃ sahassānaṃ nirabbudānaṃ,

Chattiṃsatī pañca ca abbudāni;

Yamariyagarahī [yamariyaṃ garahīya (syā. kaṃ.)] nirayaṃ upeti,

Vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya pāpaka’’nti. tatiyaṃ;

4. Dutiyakhatasuttaṃ



3. "诸比丘，具足四法的愚人、无智者、非善士，会使自己受损伤、受打击，为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多罪过。是哪四法呢？不经调查、不经深入了解，就说不值得赞美者的赞美；不经调查、不经深入了解，就说值得赞美者的批评；不经调查、不经深入了解，就对不值得欢喜的事表示欢喜；不经调查、不经深入了解，就对值得欢喜的事表示不欢喜。诸比丘，具足这四法的愚人、无智者、非善士，会使自己受损伤、受打击，为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多罪过。
诸比丘，具足四法的智者、有智者、善士，会使自己不受损伤、不受打击，不为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多功德。是哪四法呢？经过调查、深入了解后，说不值得赞美者的批评；经过调查、深入了解后，说值得赞美者的赞美；经过调查、深入了解后，对不值得欢喜的事表示不欢喜；经过调查、深入了解后，对值得欢喜的事表示欢喜。诸比丘，具足这四法的智者、有智者、善士，会使自己不受损伤、不受打击，不为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多功德。"
"谁赞美应受责备者，
或责备应受赞美者；
他以口积聚不幸，
因不幸而不得安乐。
这种不幸虽然微小，
如赌博中损失财物；
但比起这更大的不幸，
是对善逝心怀恶意。
十万又三千六百，
五阿布达地狱年；
谁诽谤圣者必堕地狱，
因恶口与恶意。"
第三则
4. 第二掘经

4. ‘‘Catūsu, bhikkhave, micchā paṭipajjamāno bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Katamesu catūsu? Mātari, bhikkhave, micchā paṭipajjamāno bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Pitari, bhikkhave, micchā paṭipajjamāno…pe… tathāgate , bhikkhave, micchā paṭipajjamāno…pe… tathāgatasāvake, bhikkhave, micchā paṭipajjamāno bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Imesu kho, bhikkhave, catūsu micchā paṭipajjamāno bālo abyatto asappuriso khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati.

‘‘Catūsu, bhikkhave, sammā paṭipajjamāno paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavati. Katamesu catūsu? Mātari, bhikkhave, sammā paṭipajjamāno paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavati. Pitari, bhikkhave, sammā paṭipajjamāno…pe… tathāgate, bhikkhave, sammā paṭipajjamāno…pe… tathāgatasāvake, bhikkhave, sammā paṭipajjamāno paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavati. Imesu kho, bhikkhave, catūsu sammā paṭipajjamāno paṇḍito viyatto sappuriso akkhataṃ anupahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, anavajjo ca hoti ananuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti.

‘‘Mātari pitari cāpi, yo micchā paṭipajjati;

Tathāgate vā sambuddhe, atha vā tassa sāvake;

Bahuñca so pasavati, apuññaṃ tādiso naro.

‘‘Tāya naṃ adhammacariyāya [tāya adhammacariyāya (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)], mātāpitūsu paṇḍitā;

Idheva naṃ garahanti, peccāpāyañca gacchati.

‘‘Mātari pitari cāpi, yo sammā paṭipajjati;

Tathāgate vā sambuddhe, atha vā tassa sāvake;

Bahuñca so pasavati, puññaṃ etādiso [puññampi tādiso (sī. syā. kaṃ.)] naro.

‘‘Tāya naṃ dhammacariyāya, mātāpitūsu paṇḍitā;

Idheva [idha ceva (sī.)] naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī’’ti [sagge ca modatīti (sī.)]. catutthaṃ;

5. Anusotasuttaṃ



4. "诸比丘，对四种人行为不正的愚人、无智者、非善士，会使自己受损伤、受打击，为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多罪过。是哪四种人呢？诸比丘，对母亲行为不正的愚人、无智者、非善士，会使自己受损伤、受打击，为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多罪过。诸比丘，对父亲行为不正的......对如来行为不正的......对如来弟子行为不正的愚人、无智者、非善士，会使自己受损伤、受打击，为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多罪过。诸比丘，对这四种人行为不正的愚人、无智者、非善士，会使自己受损伤、受打击，为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多罪过。
诸比丘，对四种人行为正当的智者、有智者、善士，会使自己不受损伤、不受打击，不为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多功德。是哪四种人呢？诸比丘，对母亲行为正当的智者、有智者、善士，会使自己不受损伤、不受打击，不为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多功德。诸比丘，对父亲行为正当的......对如来行为正当的......对如来弟子行为正当的智者、有智者、善士，会使自己不受损伤、不受打击，不为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多功德。诸比丘，对这四种人行为正当的智者、有智者、善士，会使自己不受损伤、不受打击，不为智者所呵责、所谴责，并造下许多功德。"
"对母亲和父亲，行为不正者，
对正等觉如来，或对他的弟子；
如此之人必定，造下许多罪过。
因此非法行为，对待父母不当；
智者此世谴责，来世堕恶道中。
对母亲和父亲，行为正当者，
对正等觉如来，或对他的弟子；
如此之人必定，造下许多功德。
因此如法行为，对待父母正当；
智者此世赞叹，来世生天欢喜。"
第四则
5. 随流经

5. ‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Anusotagāmī puggalo, paṭisotagāmī puggalo, ṭhitatto puggalo, tiṇṇo pāraṅgato [pāragato (sī. syā. kaṃ.)] thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, anusotagāmī puggalo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kāme ca paṭisevati, pāpañca kammaṃ karoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, anusotagāmī puggalo.

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paṭisotagāmī puggalo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kāme ca nappaṭisevati, pāpañca kammaṃ na karoti, sahāpi dukkhena sahāpi domanassena assumukhopi rudamāno paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paṭisotagāmī puggalo.

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, ṭhitatto puggalo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī, anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ṭhitatto puggalo.

‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo? Idha , bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti.

‘‘Ye keci kāmesu asaññatā janā,

Avītarāgā idha kāmabhogino;

Punappunaṃ jātijarūpagāmi te [jātijarūpagāhino (sī.), jātijarūpagā hi te (syā. kaṃ.)],

Taṇhādhipannā anusotagāmino.

‘‘Tasmā hi dhīro idhupaṭṭhitassatī,

Kāme ca pāpe ca asevamāno;

Sahāpi dukkhena jaheyya kāme,

Paṭisotagāmīti tamāhu puggalaṃ.

‘‘Yo ve kilesāni pahāya pañca,

Paripuṇṇasekho aparihānadhammo;

Cetovasippatto samāhitindriyo,

Sa ve ṭhitattoti naro pavuccati.

‘‘Paroparā yassa samecca dhammā,

Vidhūpitā atthagatā na santi;

Sa ve muni [sa vedagū (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vusitabrahmacariyo,

Lokantagū pāragatoti vuccatī’’ti. pañcamaṃ;

6. Appassutasuttaṃ



5. "诸比丘，世间有这四种人存在。哪四种呢？随流而下的人、逆流而上的人、自立的人、已度彼岸立于陆地的婆罗门。
诸比丘，什么是随流而下的人？在此，诸比丘，某人追求欲乐，做恶业。诸比丘，这被称为随流而下的人。
诸比丘，什么是逆流而上的人？在此，诸比丘，某人不追求欲乐，不做恶业，虽然伴随着痛苦、忧愁，泪流满面地哭泣，却过着完全清净的梵行生活。诸比丘，这被称为逆流而上的人。
诸比丘，什么是自立的人？在此，诸比丘，某人因为五下分结已尽而成为化生者，在那里般涅槃，不再从那个世界返回。诸比丘，这被称为自立的人。
诸比丘，什么是已度彼岸立于陆地的婆罗门？在此，诸比丘，某人因为诸漏已尽，在现法中以自己的智慧证得、实现并安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。诸比丘，这被称为已度彼岸立于陆地的婆罗门。
诸比丘，这就是世间存在的四种人。"
"凡是对欲望不能自制的人，
未离贪欲而享受此世欲乐；
他们一再经历生老，
为渴爱所制，随流而下。
因此智者在此世正念现前，
不追求欲乐也不做恶业；
即使伴随痛苦也要舍弃欲乐，
这样的人被称为逆流而上。
谁已舍弃五种烦恼，
学习圆满不退转，
已得心

6. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Appassuto sutena anupapanno, appassuto sutena upapanno, bahussuto sutena anupapanno, bahussuto sutena upapanno. Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo appassuto hoti sutena anupapanno ? Idha , bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa appakaṃ sutaṃ hoti – suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So tassa appakassa sutassa na atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya [na dhammamaññāya (pī. ka.)] dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo appassuto hoti sutena anupapanno.

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo appassuto hoti sutena upapanno? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa appakaṃ sutaṃ hoti – suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So tassa appakassa sutassa atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo appassuto hoti sutena upapanno.

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo bahussuto hoti sutena anupapanno? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa bahukaṃ sutaṃ hoti – suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So tassa bahukassa sutassa na atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya [na dhammamaññāya (pī.)] dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo bahussuto hoti sutena anupapanno.

‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo bahussuto hoti sutena upapanno? Idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa bahukaṃ sutaṃ hoti – suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So tassa bahukassa sutassa atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo bahussuto hoti sutena upapanno. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti.

‘‘Appassutopi ce hoti, sīlesu asamāhito;

Ubhayena naṃ garahanti, sīlato ca sutena ca.

‘‘Appassutopi ce hoti, sīlesu susamāhito;

Sīlato naṃ pasaṃsanti, tassa sampajjate sutaṃ.

‘‘Bahussutopi ce hoti, sīlesu asamāhito;

Sīlato naṃ garahanti, nāssa sampajjate sutaṃ.

‘‘Bahussutopi ce hoti, sīlesu susamāhito;

Ubhayena naṃ pasaṃsanti, sīlato ca sutena ca.

‘‘Bahussutaṃ dhammadharaṃ, sappaññaṃ buddhasāvakaṃ;

Nekkhaṃ jambonadasseva, ko taṃ ninditumarahati;

Devāpi naṃ pasaṃsanti, brahmunāpi pasaṃsito’’ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

7. Sobhanasuttaṃ

7. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā saṅghaṃ sobhenti. Katame cattāro? Bhikkhu, bhikkhave, viyatto vinīto visārado bahussuto dhammadharo dhammānudhammappaṭipanno saṅghaṃ sobheti. Bhikkhunī, bhikkhave, viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā saṅghaṃ sobheti. Upāsako, bhikkhave, viyatto vinīto visārado bahussuto dhammadharo dhammānudhammappaṭipanno saṅghaṃ sobheti. Upāsikā, bhikkhave, viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā saṅghaṃ sobheti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā saṅghaṃ sobhentī’’ti.

‘‘Yo hoti viyatto [vyatto (sī. pī.), byatto (syā. kaṃ.)] ca visārado ca,

Bahussuto dhammadharo ca hoti;

Dhammassa hoti anudhammacārī,

Sa tādiso vuccati saṅghasobhano [saṃghasobhaṇo (ka.)].

‘‘Bhikkhu ca sīlasampanno, bhikkhunī ca bahussutā;

Upāsako ca yo saddho, yā ca saddhā upāsikā;

Ete kho saṅghaṃ sobhenti, ete hi saṅghasobhanā’’ti. sattamaṃ;

8. Vesārajjasuttaṃ



6. "诸比丘，世间有这四种人存在。哪四种呢？少闻而不精通所闻的人，少闻而精通所闻的人，多闻而不精通所闻的人，多闻而精通所闻的人。
诸比丘，什么是少闻而不精通所闻的人？在此，诸比丘，某人所闻甚少——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、方广。他对这少量所闻不能了解其义、不能了解其法，不能如法如律而行。诸比丘，这就是少闻而不精通所闻的人。
诸比丘，什么是少闻而精通所闻的人？在此，诸比丘，某人所闻甚少——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、方广。他对这少量所闻能了解其义、了解其法，能如法如律而行。诸比丘，这就是少闻而精通所闻的人。
诸比丘，什么是多闻而不精通所闻的人？在此，诸比丘，某人所闻甚多——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、方广。他对这大量所闻不能了解其义、不能了解其法，不能如法如律而行。诸比丘，这就是多闻而不精通所闻的人。
诸比丘，什么是多闻而精通所闻的人？在此，诸比丘，某人所闻甚多——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、方广。他对这大量所闻能了解其义、了解其法，能如法如律而行。诸比丘，这就是多闻而精通所闻的人。诸比丘，这就是世间存在的四种人。"
"即使少闻，若戒不具，
人们双重责备他，戒行和闻法。
即使少闻，若戒具足，
人们赞美他戒行，他的闻法也圆满。
即使多闻，若戒不具，
人们责备他戒行，他的闻法也不圆满。
即使多闻，若戒具足，
人们双重赞美他，戒行和闻法。
多闻持法具慧佛弟子，
如纯金饰谁能诽谤他；
诸天赞叹他，梵天也称赞。"
第六则
7. 庄严经
7. "诸比丘，这四种聪明、训练有素、自信、多闻、持法、如法如律而行的人使僧团庄严。哪四种呢？诸比丘，聪明、训练有素、自信、多闻、持法、如法如律而行的比丘使僧团庄严。诸比丘，聪明、训练有素、自信、多闻、持法、如法如律而行的比丘尼使僧团庄严。诸比丘，聪明、训练有素、自信、多闻、持法、如法如律而行的优婆塞使僧团庄严。诸比丘，聪明、训练有素、自信、多闻、持法、如法如律而行的优婆夷使僧团庄严。诸比丘，这四种聪明、训练有素、自信、多闻、持法、如法如律而行的人使僧团庄严。"
"谁聪明又自信，
多闻且持法；
如法而行道，
此人庄严僧。
比丘具戒德，比丘尼多闻，
虔诚优婆塞，虔诚优婆夷；
这些人庄严僧团，他们实为僧团庄严。"
第七则
8. 无畏经

8. ‘‘Cattārimāni , bhikkhave, tathāgatassa vesārajjāni, yehi vesārajjehi samannāgato tathāgato āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānāti , parisāsu sīhanādaṃ nadati, brahmacakkaṃ pavatteti. Katamāni cattāri? ‘Sammāsambuddhassa te paṭijānato ime dhammā anabhisambuddhā’ti tatra vata maṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ sahadhammena paṭicodessatīti nimittametaṃ, bhikkhave, na samanupassāmi . Etamahaṃ [etampahaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)], bhikkhave, nimittaṃ asamanupassanto khemappatto abhayappatto vesārajjappatto viharāmi.

‘‘‘Khīṇāsavassa te paṭijānato ime āsavā aparikkhīṇā’ti tatra vata maṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ sahadhammena paṭicodessatīti nimittametaṃ, bhikkhave, na samanupassāmi. Etamahaṃ, bhikkhave, nimittaṃ asamanupassanto khemappatto abhayappatto vesārajjappatto viharāmi.

‘‘‘Ye kho pana te antarāyikā dhammā vuttā te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’ti tatra vata maṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ sahadhammena paṭicodessatīti nimittametaṃ, bhikkhave, na samanupassāmi. Etamahaṃ, bhikkhave, nimittaṃ asamanupassanto khemappatto abhayappatto vesārajjappatto viharāmi.

‘‘‘Yassa kho pana te atthāya dhammo desito so na niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāyā’ti tatra vata maṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ sahadhammena paṭicodessatīti nimittametaṃ, bhikkhave, na samanupassāmi. Etamahaṃ, bhikkhave, nimittaṃ asamanupassanto khemappatto abhayappatto vesārajjappatto viharāmi. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri tathāgatassa vesārajjāni, yehi vesārajjehi samannāgato tathāgato āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānāti, parisāsu sīhanādaṃ nadati, brahmacakkaṃ pavattetī’’ti.

‘‘Ye kecime vādapathā puthussitā,

Yaṃ nissitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca;

Tathāgataṃ patvā na te bhavanti,

Visāradaṃ vādapathātivattaṃ [vādapathābhivattinaṃ (sī.), vādapathāti vuttaṃ (pī. ka.)].

‘‘Yo dhammacakkaṃ abhibhuyya kevalī [kevalaṃ (syā.), kevalo (ka.)],

Pavattayī sabbabhūtānukampī;

Taṃ tādisaṃ devamanussaseṭṭhaṃ,

Sattā namassanti bhavassa pāragu’’nti. aṭṭhamaṃ;

9. Taṇhuppādasuttaṃ

9. ‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, taṇhuppādā yattha bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Katame cattāro? Cīvarahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; piṇḍapātahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; senāsanahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; itibhavābhavahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro taṇhuppādā yattha bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjatī’’ti.

‘‘Taṇhā dutiyo puriso, dīghamaddhāna saṃsaraṃ;

Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ, saṃsāraṃ nātivattati.

‘‘Evamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, taṇhaṃ dukkhassa sambhavaṃ;

Vītataṇho anādāno, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti [itivu. 15, 105]. navamaṃ;

10. Yogasuttaṃ



8. "诸比丘，如来具有这四种无畏，凭借这些无畏，如来宣称最高地位，在众中作狮子吼，转梵轮。是哪四种呢？
'你自称为正等正觉者，但这些法你并未正等正觉'，对此，我不见任何沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵或世间任何人能如法质疑我的迹象。诸比丘，我不见此迹象，故安稳、无畏、具无畏而住。
'你自称为漏尽者，但这些漏并未灭尽'，对此，我不见任何沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵或世间任何人能如法质疑我的迹象。诸比丘，我不见此迹象，故安稳、无畏、具无畏而住。
'你说这些法是障碍，但对行此法者并不构成障碍'，对此，我不见任何沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵或世间任何人能如法质疑我的迹象。诸比丘，我不见此迹象，故安稳、无畏、具无畏而住。
'你为此目的而说法，但对行者并不能导向完全灭苦'，对此，我不见任何沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵或世间任何人能如法质疑我的迹象。诸比丘，我不见此迹象，故安稳、无畏、具无畏而住。
诸比丘，这就是如来的四种无畏，凭借这些无畏，如来宣称最高地位，在众中作狮子吼，转梵轮。"
"任何广泛流传的论点，
沙门婆罗门所依赖的；
遇到如来皆不成立，
无畏者超越一切论点。
独一无二者战胜法轮，
转动它怜悯一切众生；
如此天人中最胜者，
众生礼敬他度有彼岸。"
第八则
9. 爱生起经
9. "诸比丘，有这四种爱生起之处，比丘的爱会在此生起。哪四种呢？诸比丘，比丘的爱会因衣服而生起；诸比丘，比丘的爱会因食物而生起；诸比丘，比丘的爱会因住处而生起；诸比丘，比丘的爱会因此有彼有而生起。诸比丘，这就是四种爱生起之处，比丘的爱会在此生起。"
"爱欲为人之伴侣，长久轮回；
此生彼生种种状态，不能超越轮回。
如是知道过患，爱欲为苦之因；
离爱无执着，比丘正念游行。"
第九则
10. 轭经

10. ‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, yogā. Katame cattāro? Kāmayogo, bhavayogo, diṭṭhiyogo, avijjāyogo. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, kāmayogo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco kāmānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca [atthagamañca (sī. pī.)] assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa kāmānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ appajānato [nappajānato (syā. kaṃ. ka.)] yo kāmesu kāmarāgo kāmanandī [kāmanandi (sī. syā. kaṃ.)] kāmasneho kāmamucchā kāmapipāsā kāmapariḷāho kāmajjhosānaṃ kāmataṇhā sānuseti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, kāmayogo. Iti kāmayogo.

‘‘Bhavayogo ca kathaṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco bhavānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa bhavānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ appajānato yo bhavesu bhavarāgo bhavanandī bhavasneho bhavamucchā bhavapipāsā bhavapariḷāho bhavajjhosānaṃ bhavataṇhā sānuseti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhavayogo. Iti kāmayogo bhavayogo.

‘‘Diṭṭhiyogo ca kathaṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco diṭṭhīnaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa diṭṭhīnaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ appajānato yo diṭṭhīsu diṭṭhirāgo diṭṭhinandī diṭṭhisneho diṭṭhimucchā diṭṭhipipāsā diṭṭhipariḷāho diṭṭhijjhosānaṃ [diṭṭhiajjhosānaṃ (sī. pī.)] diṭṭhitaṇhā sānuseti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, diṭṭhiyogo. Iti kāmayogo bhavayogo diṭṭhiyogo.

‘‘Avijjāyogo ca kathaṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ appajānato yā chasu phassāyatanesu avijjā aññāṇaṃ sānuseti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, avijjāyogo. Iti kāmayogo bhavayogo diṭṭhiyogo avijjāyogo, saṃyutto pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi saṃkilesikehi ponobhavikehi [pono bbhavikehi (syā. ka.)] sadarehi dukkhavipākehi āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇikehi. Tasmā ayogakkhemīti vuccati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro yogā.

‘‘Cattārome , bhikkhave, visaṃyogā. Katame cattāro? Kāmayogavisaṃyogo, bhavayogavisaṃyogo, diṭṭhiyogavisaṃyogo, avijjāyogavisaṃyogo. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, kāmayogavisaṃyogo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco kāmānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa kāmānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānato yo kāmesu kāmarāgo kāmanandī kāmasneho kāmamucchā kāmapipāsā kāmapariḷāho kāmajjhosānaṃ kāmataṇhā sā nānuseti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, kāmayogavisaṃyogo. Iti kāmayogavisaṃyogo.

‘‘Bhavayogavisaṃyogo ca kathaṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco bhavānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa bhavānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānato yo bhavesu bhavarāgo bhavanandī bhavasneho bhavamucchā bhavapipāsā bhavapariḷāho bhavajjhosānaṃ bhavataṇhā sā nānuseti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhavayogavisaṃyogo. Iti kāmayogavisaṃyogo bhavayogavisaṃyogo.

‘‘Diṭṭhiyogavisaṃyogo ca kathaṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco diṭṭhīnaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa diṭṭhīnaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānato yo diṭṭhīsu diṭṭhirāgo diṭṭhinandī diṭṭhisneho diṭṭhimucchā diṭṭhipipāsā diṭṭhipariḷāho diṭṭhijjhosānaṃ diṭṭhitaṇhā sā nānuseti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, diṭṭhiyogavisaṃyogo. Iti kāmayogavisaṃyogo bhavayogavisaṃyogo diṭṭhiyogavisaṃyogo.


10. "诸比丘，有四种轭。哪四种呢？欲轭、有轭、见轭、无明轭。
诸比丘，什么是欲轭？在此，诸比丘，某人不如实了知欲的生起、灭尽、味、患、离。他不如实了知欲的生起、灭尽、味、患、离，因此对欲的贪爱、喜悦、贪恋、迷恋、渴求、热恼、执着、渴爱潜伏不除。诸比丘，这称为欲轭。这就是欲轭。
有轭又如何？在此，诸比丘，某人不如实了知有的生起、灭尽、味、患、离。他不如实了知有的生起、灭尽、味、患、离，因此对有的贪爱、喜悦、贪恋、迷恋、渴求、热恼、执着、渴爱潜伏不除。诸比丘，这称为有轭。这就是欲轭和有轭。
见轭又如何？在此，诸比丘，某人不如实了知见的生起、灭尽、味、患、离。他不如实了知见的生起、灭尽、味、患、离，因此对见的贪爱、喜悦、贪恋、迷恋、渴求、热恼、执着、渴爱潜伏不除。诸比丘，这称为见轭。这就是欲轭、有轭和见轭。
无明轭又如何？在此，诸比丘，某人不如实了知六触处的生起、灭尽、味、患、离。他不如实了知六触处的生起、灭尽、味、患、离，因此对六触处的无明、不知潜伏不除。诸比丘，这称为无明轭。这就是欲轭、有轭、见轭和无明轭，与恶不善法、污染法、再有法、可怖法、苦报法、未来生老死法相应。因此称为非轭安稳。诸比丘，这就是四种轭。
诸比丘，有四种离轭。哪四种呢？离欲轭、离有轭、离见轭、离无明轭。
诸比丘，什么是离欲轭？在此，诸比丘，某人如实了知欲的生起、灭尽、味、患、离。他如实了知欲的生起、灭尽、味、患、离，因此对欲的贪爱、喜悦、贪恋、迷恋、渴求、热恼、执着、渴爱不再潜伏。诸比丘，这称为离欲轭。这就是离欲轭。
离有轭又如何？在此，诸比丘，某人如实了知有的生起、灭尽、味、患、离。他如实了知有的生起、灭尽、味、患、离，因此对有的贪爱、喜悦、贪恋、迷恋、渴求、热恼、执着、渴爱不再潜伏。诸比丘，这称为离有轭。这就是离欲轭和离有轭。
离见轭又如何？在此，诸比丘，某人如实了知见的生起、灭尽、味、患、离。他如实了知见的生起、灭尽、味、患、离，因此对见的贪爱、喜悦、贪恋、迷恋、渴求、热恼、执着、渴爱不再潜伏。诸比丘，这称为离见轭。这就是离欲轭、离有轭和离见轭。


‘‘Avijjāyogavisaṃyogo ca kathaṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānato yā chasu phassāyatanesu avijjā aññāṇaṃ sā nānuseti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, avijjāyogavisaṃyogo . Iti kāmayogavisaṃyogo bhavayogavisaṃyogo diṭṭhiyogavisaṃyogo avijjāyogavisaṃyogo, visaṃyutto pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi saṃkilesikehi ponobhavikehi sadarehi dukkhavipākehi āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇikehi. Tasmā yogakkhemīti vuccati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro visaṃyogā’’ti.

‘‘Kāmayogena saṃyuttā, bhavayogena cūbhayaṃ;

Diṭṭhiyogena saṃyuttā, avijjāya purakkhatā.

‘‘Sattā gacchanti saṃsāraṃ, jātimaraṇagāmino;

Ye ca kāme pariññāya, bhavayogañca sabbaso.

‘‘Diṭṭhiyogaṃ samūhacca, avijjañca virājayaṃ;

Sabbayogavisaṃyuttā, te ve yogātigā munī’’ti. dasamaṃ;

Bhaṇḍagāmavaggo paṭhamo.


离无明轭又如何？在此，诸比丘，某人如实了知六触处的生起、灭尽、味、患、离。他如实了知六触处的生起、灭尽、味、患、离，因此对六触处的无明、不知不再潜伏。诸比丘，这称为离无明轭。这就是离欲轭、离有轭、离见轭和离无明轭，与恶不善法、污染法、再有法、可怖法、苦报法、未来生老死法脱离。因此称为轭安稳。诸比丘，这就是四种离轭。"
"被欲轭所束缚，以及有轭二者；
被见轭所束缚，以无明为前导。
众生流转轮回，往返生死之中；
若能遍知诸欲，及一切有之轭。
拔除见轭根本，令无明褪去色；
解脱一切诸轭，彼等牟尼越轭。"
第十则
班达迦马品第一


Tassuddānaṃ –

Anubuddhaṃ papatitaṃ dve, khatā anusotapañcamaṃ;

Appassuto ca sobhanaṃ, vesārajjaṃ taṇhāyogena te dasāti.

其摘要：
觉悟、堕落两则，损害、随流第五；
少闻与庄严，无畏、爱、轭共十则。


